1. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492

Summary and Review

Before 1492, globalization accelerated as Europeans sought new trade routes after the Crusades, leading to the discovery of the Americas. Major civilizations like the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca developed complex societies with unique cultures and agricultural practices. The arrival of Europeans initiated exploitation of native populations and the slave trade, particularly from West Africa, which became integral to the economy of the New World. The feudal system in Europe and the spread of Christianity also influenced exploration and colonization efforts.